"固然" meaning in All languages combined

See 固然 on Wiktionary

Adverb [Chinese]

IPA: /ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kuː³³ jiːn²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/, /kuː³³ jiːn²¹/, /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/, /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/, /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/, /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/, /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/, /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/, /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/, /ku³³ zø⁴⁴/ Chinese transliterations: gùrán [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄍㄨˋ ㄖㄢˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gu³ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], kò͘-liân [Hokkien, POJ], kò͘-jiân [Hokkien, POJ], gu³ riêng⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], gu³ riang⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁵ku-zoe, gùrán [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], gùrán [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], ku⁴-jan² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], gù-rán [Mandarin, Yale], guhran [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], гужань [Mandarin, Palladius], gužanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], gu yìhn [Cantonese, Yale], gu³ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gu³ yin⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], kòo-liân [Hokkien, Tai-lo], korlieen [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kòo-jiân [Hokkien, Tai-lo], korjieen [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kù jiêng [POJ, Teochew], kù jiâng [POJ, Teochew], ⁵ku-zoe [Wu], ku^去 zoe [Wu], ²ku-zoe [Wu], /ku³³ zø⁴⁴/ [Wu]
Head templates: {{head|zh|adverb}} 固然
  1. admittedly; undoubtedly Synonyms: 當然/当然 (dāngrán), 自然 (zìrán), 當然 (dāngrán), 当然 (dāngrán), 梗係 [Cantonese], 梗系 [Cantonese], (shí) [Cantonese], (shí) [Cantonese], 在勢 [Hokkien], 在势 [Hokkien]
    Sense id: en-固然-zh-adv-Ou4r53C8

Conjunction [Chinese]

IPA: /ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kuː³³ jiːn²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/, /kuː³³ jiːn²¹/, /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/, /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/, /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/, /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/, /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/, /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/, /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/, /ku³³ zø⁴⁴/ Chinese transliterations: gùrán [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄍㄨˋ ㄖㄢˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gu³ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], kò͘-liân [Hokkien, POJ], kò͘-jiân [Hokkien, POJ], gu³ riêng⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], gu³ riang⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁵ku-zoe, gùrán [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], gùrán [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], ku⁴-jan² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], gù-rán [Mandarin, Yale], guhran [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], гужань [Mandarin, Palladius], gužanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], gu yìhn [Cantonese, Yale], gu³ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gu³ yin⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], kòo-liân [Hokkien, Tai-lo], korlieen [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kòo-jiân [Hokkien, Tai-lo], korjieen [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kù jiêng [POJ, Teochew], kù jiâng [POJ, Teochew], ⁵ku-zoe [Wu], ku^去 zoe [Wu], ²ku-zoe [Wu], /ku³³ zø⁴⁴/ [Wu]
Head templates: {{head|zh|conjunction}} 固然
  1. it is true that; there is no doubt that Related terms: 雖然 (suīrán), 虽然 (suīrán)
    Sense id: en-固然-zh-conj-KtVc5cJz Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Intermediate Mandarin Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 40 60 Disambiguation of Intermediate Mandarin: 32 68

Download JSON data for 固然 meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "固然",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "admittedly; undoubtedly"
      ],
      "id": "en-固然-zh-adv-Ou4r53C8",
      "links": [
        [
          "admittedly",
          "admittedly"
        ],
        [
          "undoubtedly",
          "undoubtedly"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "dāngrán",
          "word": "當然/当然"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zìrán",
          "word": "自然"
        },
        {
          "roman": "dāngrán",
          "word": "當然"
        },
        {
          "roman": "dāngrán",
          "word": "当然"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese"
          ],
          "word": "梗係"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese"
          ],
          "word": "梗系"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shí",
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese"
          ],
          "word": "實"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shí",
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese"
          ],
          "word": "实"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "在勢"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "在势"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ ㄖㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kò͘-liân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kò͘-jiân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ riêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ riang⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁵ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku⁴-jan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gù-rán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guhran"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гужань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gužanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu yìhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ yin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː³³ jiːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kòo-liân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "korlieen"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kòo-jiân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "korjieen"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kù jiêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kù jiâng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku^去 zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "²ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ku³³ zø⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː³³ jiːn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku³³ zø⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "固然"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "固然",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "it is true that; there is no doubt that"
      ],
      "id": "en-固然-zh-conj-KtVc5cJz",
      "links": [
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ],
        [
          "no doubt",
          "no doubt"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "suīrán",
          "word": "雖然"
        },
        {
          "roman": "suīrán",
          "word": "虽然"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ ㄖㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kò͘-liân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kò͘-jiân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ riêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ riang⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁵ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku⁴-jan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gù-rán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guhran"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гужань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gužanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu yìhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ yin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː³³ jiːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kòo-liân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "korlieen"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kòo-jiân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "korjieen"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kù jiêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kù jiâng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku^去 zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "²ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ku³³ zø⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː³³ jiːn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku³³ zø⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "固然"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese adverbs",
    "Chinese conjunctions",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Intermediate Mandarin"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "固然",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "admittedly; undoubtedly"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "admittedly",
          "admittedly"
        ],
        [
          "undoubtedly",
          "undoubtedly"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ ㄖㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kò͘-liân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kò͘-jiân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ riêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ riang⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁵ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku⁴-jan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gù-rán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guhran"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гужань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gužanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu yìhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ yin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː³³ jiːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kòo-liân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "korlieen"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kòo-jiân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "korjieen"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kù jiêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kù jiâng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku^去 zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "²ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ku³³ zø⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː³³ jiːn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku³³ zø⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "dāngrán",
      "word": "當然/当然"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zìrán",
      "word": "自然"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dāngrán",
      "word": "當然"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dāngrán",
      "word": "当然"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "梗係"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "梗系"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shí",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "實"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shí",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "实"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "在勢"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "在势"
    }
  ],
  "word": "固然"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese adverbs",
    "Chinese conjunctions",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Intermediate Mandarin"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "固然",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "conj",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "suīrán",
      "word": "雖然"
    },
    {
      "roman": "suīrán",
      "word": "虽然"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "it is true that; there is no doubt that"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ],
        [
          "no doubt",
          "no doubt"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ ㄖㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kò͘-liân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kò͘-jiân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ riêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ riang⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁵ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gùrán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku⁴-jan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gù-rán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guhran"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гужань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gužanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu yìhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu³ yin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː³³ jiːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kòo-liân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "korlieen"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kòo-jiân"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "korjieen"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kù jiêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kù jiâng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku^去 zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "²ku-zoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ku³³ zø⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː³³ jiːn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku³³ zø⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "固然"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "固然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "固然",
  "trace": "started on line 53, detected on line 59"
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "固然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "固然",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "固然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "固然",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "固然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "固然",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "固然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "固然",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "固然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "固然",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "固然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "固然",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
  "path": [
    "固然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "固然",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "固然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "固然",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
  "path": [
    "固然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "固然",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "固然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "固然",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.